SIGRU (Leaf)
Sigru consists of dried leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam. Syn. Moringa pterygosperma Gmrtn. (Fam. Moringacem); a small or medium sized tree, found wild in sub Himalayan tract, commonly cultivated throughout the country.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Sobhanjana, Bahala, Tiksnagandha, Aksiva, Mocaka
Assamese : —
Bengali : Sajina, Sajna, Sajne
English : Horse Radish Tree, Drum Stick Tree
Gujrati : Sargavo, Sekato, Saragavo Parna
Hindi : Shajoma, Mungna
Kannada : Neegge, Nugge ele
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Murinna, Tishnagandha, Muringa, Muringa Elai
Marathi : Sevaga, Segata, Segata pana, Shewgachi pane
Oriya : Sajana, Munga, Munika
Punjabi : Sohanjana
Tamil : Murungai, Murungai Ilai
Telugu : Munaga Aku
Urdu : Sehjan
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Leaves tripinnate compound, available in the form of leaflets and some broken pieces of rachis, slender, thickened, and articulated at the base; leaflet 1.2-2 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide, entire, elliptic, ovate or obovate, rounded or narrowed at base and obtuse at apex; smooth and greenish-grey to pale green; odour and taste not distinct.
b) Microscopic
Rachis – Rachis shows single layered epidermis, followed by single layer of pigmented collenchymatous hypodermis; cortex consisting of 5-10 layered, oval to elliptical, thin walled, parenchymatous cells; pericycle forming a broken ring, consisting of pericyclic fibres; vascular bundle collateral; pith composed of wide zone of thin-walled, parenchymatous cells; rosette crystals of calcium oxalate present in cortex, pith and phloem parenchyma.
Leaflet – Leaflet shows dorsiventral structure; epidermis and unicellular hairs present on both the surfaces; palisade single layered; spongy parenchyma 2-3 layers; central region occupied by a crescent-shaped, collateral vascular bundle surrounded by 2-4 layers of collenchymatous cells; rosette crystals of calcium oxalate present in mesophyll and collenchymatous cells; stomata anornocytic, present on both surface but more on lower sur face; palisade ratio 6-11; stomatal index 10-13-15 stomatal number 100-137 upper
surface and 290-350 lower surface per mm square; vein islets number 50-65.
Powder -Greyish-green; shows groups of spongy parenchyma, palisade cells; spiral vessels, unicellular hairs with blunt tip; pieces of polyhedral epidermal cells in surface view, stomata and rosette crystals of calcium oxalate.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 16 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 22 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene :
Ethylacetate (9: 1) shows six spots at Rf. 0.05, 0.18, 0.26 (all green),0.36 (yellowish green), 0.46 (dark green) & 0.94 (yellow) in visible light. Under U.V. (366 nm) six fluorescent zones are visible at Rf. 0.05, 0.18, 0.26, 0.36, 0.46 (all red) & 0.94 (blue). On spraying with 5% Methanolic Phosphomolybdic acid reagent six spots appear on heating the plate for ten minutes at 105° C at Rf. 0.38, 0.46 (both blue), 0.52 (green), 0.59 (blue), 0.69 (blue) and 0.87 (blue). On spraying with Anisaldehyde-Sulphuric acid reagent ten spots appear on heating the plate for ten minutes at 105°C at Rf. 0.05, 0.20, 0.26, (all green), 0.30 (pink), 0.36 (green), 0.46 (green), 0.53 (yellow), 0.69 (yellow), 0.82 (yellow) and 0.94 (violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Carbohydrate, Protein, Carotene and Ascorbic acid.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura
Guna : Guru, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Caksusya, Medohara, Pittahara, Vatahara, Sukra Nasaka, Krmihara, Brmhana, Sirovirecaka
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Ratnagiri Rasa, Visatinduka Taila, Ekangavira Rasa
THERAPEUTIC USES – Sopha, Gulma, Krmiroga, Medoroga, Pliharoga, Vidradhi, Galaganda.
DOSE – 10 – 20 ml of the fresh drug in juice form.
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